Topics of the Final State Exam for the Electronics and Communications (EK) Master Study Program

Common topics

  1. Architectures and types of processors. Types of memories and buses. Address and I/O space. Internal peripheral devices, I/O space expansion. Peripheral and communication buses. Communication between processors. (BE2M37MAM)
  2. Programming of processor, machine code, assembler, higher programming, languages, interrupt system, pipeline. Programming techniques, multiprocessor systems, parallel systems. (BE2M37MAM)
  3. Applications of correlation, spectral, and cepstral analysis. Estimation of delay between two signals, noise cancellation and signal restoration. (BE2M31DSPA)
  4. Signal decomposition into principal and independent components (PCA, ICA) and its usage for signal separation. Discrete wavelet transform. (BE2M31DSPA)
  5. Medium access protocols in wireless networks, network topology and data transmission in Bluetooth, routing in wireless sensor networks, principle of RFID. (BE2M32BTSA)
  6. Principle of communication in WiFi networks, MQTT, LoRa, SigFox, and IQRF protocols, communication chain for service provisioning in IoT, reliability and security of wireless and sensor networks. (BE2M32BTSA)

Specialized Field: Electronics

  1. Design methodology of analog, digital and mixed integrated systems, ASIC circuits, design abstraction levels. Technological processes of IC production, CMOS process, MEMS technology, sub-micron technologies and their trends. (BE2M34SIS)
  2. Active and passive integrated electronic components; design of chip topology, design rules, verification and testing of analog and digital ICs. (BE2M34SIS)
  3. Design and synthesis of integrated VLSI systems, its domains and levels of representation. Contemporary hardware platforms. Hardware description languages (VHDL, Verilog).  (BE2M34NSV)
  4. Behavioral synthesis: RTL model, algorithms and procedures. Logical synthesis: methods and constraints. Layout synthesis. Verification and test of the design. (BE2M34NSV)
  5. Semiconductor crystal lattices, crystal lattice defects, phonons, electron and hole statistics, charge carrier generation and recombination (BE2M34SST)
  6. Transport phenomena in semiconductors, collision mechanisms, association with band structure and crystal lattice defects, ferromagnetics, ferroelectrics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics. (BE2M34SST)
  7. Physical phenomena applied in microsystems, microsystem structures, energy domains, static and dynamic parameters, scaling, multidomain integration on a chip. (BE2M34MST)
  8. Microactuators, micro-manipulators, micro-drives, microaction structures and systems on a chip (electrostatic, piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, chemical, lab-on-chip), touch displays, RF MEMS elements, micro generators (Energy harvesting). (BE2M34MST)
  9. ASIC circuits - properties comparison: fully custom design, gate arrays, standard cells, programmable circuits, FPGA; analog integrated CMOS structures (OTA, voltage and current references, OZ), corners simulation. (BE2M34NIS)
  10. Design of analog IC topology, design verification; digital IO (HDL, HDL-A languages, logical and physical system synthesis. Frontend and backend design, topology design and design verification. (BE2M34NIS)

Specialized Field: Audiovisual Technology and Signal Processing

  1. Acoustic waves in gases, liquids, and solid state, acoustic waveguides (BE2M99ZVT)
  2. Electroacoustic transducers. Acoustic transmitters, loudspeakers and loudspeaker systems. Acoustic receivers, microphones. Acoustic and electroacoustic measurements. Principles of audio data compression, spatial sound processing. (BE2M99ZVT)
  3. Physiological and psychovisual properties of human visual system. Photometry, radiometry and colorimetry. Lenses and their parameters. Image sensors and displays. 3D systems. (BE2M37OBT)
  4. Image preprocessing techniques, Image compression methods, and standards for multimedia signal transmission. Image reconstruction methods. (BE2M37OBT)
  5. Digital sound synthesis (wavetable s., concatenative s., granular s., additive s., subtractive  s., formant s., modulation s., nonlinear s., waveshaping s.) (BE2M31SYN)
  6. Digital audio effects; time-delay effects, frequency domain techniques, spatial effects. (BE2M31SYN)
  7. Basic characteristics of speech and speech signal - energy, intensity, zero-crossing rate. Spectral characteristics - DFT and LPC spectrum, filter banks, cepstrum. (BE2M31ZRE)
  8. Speech coding. Suppression of noise in speech signal. Basic principles of HMM-based speech recognition (speech features, acoustic model, language model). Principles of speaker verification and identification (GMM/UBM, used features). Speech synthesis - basic approaches. (BE2M31ZRE)
  9. Human hearing and visual system, utilization of its properties in lossy compression. Subjective and objective methods for quality assessment of audio, image, and video. (BE2M37KASA)
  10. Compression methods and standards for audiovisual content. Digital content protection, watermarking. (BE2M37KASA)

Specialized Field: Photonics

  1. Optical fibers - modal structure, measurement of fiber numerical aperture, optical spectral analyzers, refractive index profile measurement, wavelength measurement,  measurement of dispersion. (BE2M17VOT)
  2. Coherent optical detection, optical circuit analyzer, optical polarimeters, measurement of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers, optical sampling, in-situ methods, OSNR methods. (BE2M17VOT)
  3. Optical amplifiers (Raman, EDFA, SOA), wavelength converters and optical signal regeneration (1R, 2R, 3R), optical filters, optical switches and their use. Optical systems with wavelength multiplexing (attenuation, noise, nonlinear and dispersion budget). (BE2M32OSS)
  4. Optical coherent systems and high-order modulations (optical systems with speeds of 100 Gbit/s and higher), optical networks and architectures, principles of optical circuit, packet and burst switching, optical network elements, optical data interfaces, network clock. (BE2M32OSS)
  5. Physiological and psychovisual properties of human visual system. Photometry, radiometry and colorimetry. Lenses and their parameters. Image sensors and displays. 3D systems. (BE2M37OBT)
  6. Image preprocessing techniques, Image compression methods, and standards for multimedia signal transmission. Image reconstruction methods. (BE2M37OBT)
  7. Ray transfer matrix (ABCD). Image intensifiers. Optical computing, 2D optical FT, spatial filtration. (BE2M37OBFA)
  8. Elements of image photonic systems – polarizers, hyperspectral camera. Design and construction of optical systems. Parameters of optical systems.(BE2M37OBFA)
  9. Properties of electromagnetic wave propagation environments concerning a frequency spectrum and wireless services, fundamental mechanisms of wave propagation in the atmosphere. Terrestrial and satellite fixed links - power budget, fading, propagation modeling, planning methods. (BE2M17SBS)
  10. Mobile links - outdoor and indoor propagation in urban areas, empirical and deterministic models, statistical characterization of fading. Interference analysis for fixed links and cellular networks. Measurement methods for wireless links and networks. (BE2M17SBS)

Specialized Field: Technology of the Internet of Things

  1. IP packet routing principles and distributed routing algorithms. IP multicast routing. IPv6 network architecture. Transport protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP) and their use. Data flow control and network congestion avoidance, active packet queue management. (BE2M32PST)
  2. MPLS network architecture and services provided by MPLS networks. Software defined networks (SDNs) and their use. Virtualization of network functions, HW and SW architecture of network elements. (BE2M32PST)
  3. Design methodology of analog, digital and mixed integrated systems, ASIC circuits, design abstraction levels. Technological processes of IC production, CMOS process, MEMS technologies, sub-micron technologies and their trends. (BE2M34SIS)
  4. Active and passive integrated electronic components; design of chip topology, design rules, verification and testing of analog and digital ICs. (BE2M34SIS)
  5. Architectures of mobile networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), data and speech transmission and processing in mobile networks, quality of service. (BE2M32MKSA)
  6. Methods of multiple access in mobile networks, error correction (ARQ, HARQ) random access procedure, scheduling, principle and types of handover, methods for interference mitigation. (BE2M32MKSA)
  7. Properties of electromagnetic wave propagation environments concerning a frequency spectrum and wireless services, fundamental mechanisms of wave propagation in the atmosphere. Terrestrial and satellite fixed links - power budget, fading, propagation modeling, planning methods. (BE2M17SBS)
  8. Mobile links - outdoor and indoor propagation in urban areas, empirical and deterministic models, statistical characterization of fading. Interference analysis for fixed links and cellular networks. Measurement methods for wireless links and networks. (BE2M17SBS)
  9. Physical phenomena applied in microsystems, microsystem structures, energy domains, static and dynamic parameters, scaling, multidomain integration on a chip. (BE2M34MST)
  10. Microactuators, micro-manipulators, micro-drives, micro-action structures and systems on a chip (electrostatic, piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, chemical, lab-on-chip), touch displays, RF MEMS elements, micro generators (Energy harvesting). (BE2M34MST)

Specialized Field: Communication Networks and Internet

  1. NGA access networks, access network topology and architecture. Modeling of telecommunication lines parameters. Types of digital subscriber lines. (BE2M32PRSA)
  2. Optical access networks, passive optical networks, use of wavelength multiplexing and design of access networks, attenuation link budget. (BE2M32PRSA)
  3. IP packet routing principles and distributed routing algorithms. IP multicast routing. IPv6 network architecture. Transport protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP) and their use. Data flow control and network congestion avoidance, active packet queue management. (BE2M32PST)
  4. MPLS network architecture and services provided by MPLS networks. Software defined networks (SDNs) and their use. Virtualization of network functions, HW and SW architecture of network elements. (BE2M32PST)
  5. Definition, classification and basic properties (energy, spectral) of digital modulations. Models of communication channels. Demodulator, metric (correlation, signal space, SODEM). Communication channel sharing. (BE2M37DKM)
  6. Principles of block, convolutional and TCM codes. Decoding (symbol, sequence, MAP, ML). Viterbi algorithm. Decoder error rate (union bound). (BE2M37DKM)
  7. Digital switching systems, switch matrix. Switching system control, signaling in switching systems (CAS and CCS), signaling SS7 - message routing, protocols for ensuring signaling transmission. (BE2M32RTK)
  8. Intelligent networks, IP telephony, quality and its assurance and evaluation, IMS systems, H.323 signaling protocols, SIP / SDP, RTP / RTCP communication protocol, voice communication in mobile network - VoLTE. (BE2M32RTK)
  9. Optical amplifiers (Raman, EDFA, SOA), wavelength converters and optical signal regeneration (1R, 2R, 3R), optical filters, optical switches and their use. Optical systems with wavelength multiplexing (attenuation, noise, nonlinear and dispersion budget). (BE2M32OSS)
  10. Optical coherent systems and high-order modulations (optical systems with speeds of 100 Gbit/s and higher), optical networks and architectures, principles of optical circuit, packet and burst switching, optical network elements, optical data interfaces, network clock. (BE2M32OSS)

Specialized Field: Mobile Communications

  1. Architectures of mobile networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), data and speech transmission and processing in mobile networks, quality of service. (BE2M32MKSA)
  2. Methods of multiple access in mobile networks, error correction (ARQ, HARQ) random access procedure, scheduling, principle and types of handover, methods for interference mitigation. (BE2M32MKSA)
  3. Definition, classification and basic properties (energy, spectral) of digital modulations. Models of communication channels. Demodulator, metric (correlation, signal space, SODEM). Communication channel sharing. (BE2M37DKM)
  4. Principles of block, convolutional and TCM codes. Decoding (symbol, sequence, MAP, ML). Viterbi algorithm. Decoder error rate (union bound). (BE2M37DKM)
  5. IP packet routing principles and distributed routing algorithms. IP multicast routing. IPv6 network architecture. Transport protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP) and their use. Data flow control and network congestion avoidance, active packet queue management. (BE2M32PST)
  6. MPLS network architecture and services provided by MPLS networks. Software defined networks (SDNs) and their use. Virtualization of network functions, HW and SW architecture of network elements. (BE2M32PST)
  7. Properties of electromagnetic wave propagation environments concerning a frequency spectrum and wireless services, fundamental mechanisms of wave propagation in the atmosphere. Terrestrial and satellite fixed links - power budget, fading, propagation modeling, planning methods. (BE2M17SBS)
  8. Mobile links - outdoor and indoor propagation in urban areas, empirical and deterministic models, statistical characterization of fading. Interference analysis for fixed links and cellular networks. Measurement methods for wireless links and networks. (BE2M17SBS)
  9. Antenna as an circuit element - equivalent circuit, antenna parameters, polarization, elementary electric dipole, field components, radiation resistance, linear antennas, finite-length dipole, symmetrization, monopole antenna, radiation from aperture, Huygens source. (BE2M17ANT)
  10. Horn antennas, reflector antennas, antenna arrays, wideband antennas - self-complementarity (examples), microstrip planar antennas. (BE2M17ANT)

Specialized Field: Radio Systems

  1. Microwave planar lines - simple and coupled, directional couplers, hybrid couplers, power dividers, planar resonant circuits and filters. (BE2M17MIOA)
  2. Transistor amplifiers - stability, noise, frequency bandwidth, oscillators, mixers, frequency multipliers. (BE2M17MIOA)
  3. Definition, classification and basic properties (energy, spectral) of digital modulations. Models of communication channels. Demodulator, metric (correlation, signal space, SODEM). Communication channel sharing. (BE2M37DKM)
  4. Principles of block, convolutional and TCM codes. Decoding (symbol, sequence, MAP, ML). Viterbi algorithm. Decoder error rate (union bound). (BE2M37DKM)
  5. Parameters of radio receivers and transmitters. Architectures of radio receivers and transmitters. Design and optimization of low-noise and power amplifiers. Narrow- and wide-band radio-frequency amplifiers. Construction of radio- and intermediate-frequency filters. Parameters of frequency sources. (BE2M37ART)
  6. Oscillators, mixers. Analog to digital conversion of the receiver output signal, blocks of digital signal processing. Software-defined radio. Cognitive radio. (BE2M37ART)
  7. Properties of electromagnetic wave propagation environments concerning a frequency spectrum and wireless services, fundamental mechanisms of wave propagation in the atmosphere. Terrestrial and satellite fixed links - power budget, fading, propagation modeling, planning methods. (BE2M17SBS)
  8. Mobile links - outdoor and indoor propagation in urban areas, empirical and deterministic models, statistical characterization of fading. Interference analysis for fixed links and cellular networks. Measurement methods for wireless links and networks. (BE2M17SBS)
  9. Antenna as an circuit element - equivalent circuit, antenna parameters, polarization, elementary electric dipole, field components, radiation resistance, linear antennas, finite-length dipole, symmetrization, monopole antenna, radiation from aperture, Huygens source. (BE2M17ANT)
  10. Horn antennas, reflector antennas, antenna arrays, wideband antennas - self-complementarity (examples), microstrip planar antennas. (BE2M17ANT)